Wolves of Water index

Wolves of Water Index

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Index

A-bomb data 13
ABCC see Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission
Absorbed Dose 36, 54, 59

and Plutonium 70
and Strontium 90 70
and Uranium 70
units of 53
Absorption of X and gamma rays 51
Adams Jones David 226, 294
Adams Patrick 15
Adshead Gerald 317
Adult leukaemia and sea coast effect 203
Advisory Committee on Pesticides 281
Aerosols (Uranium and Plutonium) 245
Age and cancer risk 42
Age standardization 114
Ageing 42
Aherne Nuala 289, 344
Airborne Particle Research Group (AEPG) 244
Alcohol 40
Aldermaston 77, 78, 247
filters (Gulf War Uranium) 453, 454
pipeline 435
Alderney 228
cancer mortality 265
Allis Smith Janine 81 224
Allyl Dglycol Crbonate (CR39) 90, 91, 93
Apha particles 36, 49, 52

detecting plastic 90, 91, 93
range in air 89
Alternative Explanation (after Bradford Hill) 113
American Society for the Control of Cancer 21
Americium inter-tidal sediment in 88
Amis Martin 369, 379
Anecdotal evidence and epidemiology 228, 233, 237
Annual Reference Volume 33, 34
Annular methodology (epidemiology) 240
Anti-nuclear arguments 16
Antibiotics 31
Areas of Residence (AoRs) in Wales 18, 139, 140, 141, 153, 189, 240, 290, 291, 302, Plate 4

population data 143, 144, 291
Armchair reports on Uranium weapons 461
Arnold Matthew 104
Article 31 Group (European Commission) 281
ASPIS 21
Assimakopoulos P A 345
Association of Irish County Councils 205
Association of UK Cancer Registries 207
Asthma 244
Ataxia Telangectasia 44
Atmospheric Test Ban Treaty 80, 256
Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) 255
Atomic Lies TV programme 378
Atomic Number and Secondary Photoelectron Amplification 451
Atomic test veterans 317

and film badges 318
Auger emitters CERRIE discussion of 52, 64, 69, 411
and DNA 64
and ICRP risk model 64
relative Biological Effectiveness of 64
Aylin Paul 333, 334
Bandazhevsky Yuri 342, 372, 466, 252
Bangor (North Wales) 300
Barker Fred 399
Barn swallows phenotypic and genetic changes 366
Barton Carol 435
Basingstoke 78
Bastard-Idiot-Wimp theory 252
Batt Mike 510
Baverstock Keith 371, 399
Baxter Murdo 82
Bayes Thomas 111, 325
Bayesian Smoothing 322, 325 to 326
Becquerel (as units) 445
Begg Alex 344
Belarus 342
Benn Tony 265
Bentham and Haynes 314
Berkeley 228
Bertell Rosalie 258, 345, 355, 356
Beta particles 52, 69
Bignall John 363
Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation (American committee) 280
Biological Gradient (after Bradford Hill) 112
Biological mechanism 14
Biological Plausibility (after Bradford Hill) and lack of knowledge 113
Biphasic dose response 112, 113, 360, 366
Bithell John 438
Black Boxes 392
Black Douglas 282, 283, 322, 394
Blackwater River 233, 236
Blue Book, see Annual Reference Volume 33
BMA 331
BMA Fitness to Practise Directorate 309
BNFL 14, 15, 78
Bone cancer at Bradwell 237
Bone cancer in Wales 34, 288
Bourne John 331
Bradford Hill Sir Austin 109
Bradwell 325, 228, 233, 235, 241
and bone cancer 237
Brain cancer and sea coast effect 177
Bramhall Richard Plate 24, 16, 22, 267, 274, 288, 289, 292, 315, 328, 329, 342, 344, 350, 351, 356, 364, 367, 398, 406, 409, 413, 417, 418, 420, 424, 427, 427, 436
Breast cancer 31

and Oldbury 234
and weapons test fallout 157
in Burnham on Sea 118
in Maldon (Essex) 235
and sea coast effect 157
Bridges Bryn 279, 281, 283, 284, 295, 327, 362, 366, 408, 427
British Medical Journal 309, 362
British Nuclear Energy Society 22, 328, 329
Broadcasting Standards Authority 323
Burghfield 77, 247
Burlakova Elena Plate 25, 360, 366, 419
Burnham on Sea 121, 133, 228, 229

and breast cancer 118
questionnaire survey 118, 119
Busby Araceli 135, 307
Busby Joe Plate 6
Byron 227
Bystander Effect 68, 70, 366,

CERRIE discussion of 411
Caernarfon 294, 300
Caesium inter-tidal sediment in 88
Cancer

and deprivation 199, 200, 201
and radioactive pollution 32
as a genetic disease 41
as an environmental disease 19, 21, 37, 40
as genetic disease at cellular level 35
causation mechanism 40, 41
cellular basis of 41
clinical expression of 42
differences between childhood and adult disease 179
environmental agents of 20, 25, 28, 29
familial effects 28
genetic basis of 27
incidence changes over time 30
mapping 19
monoclonal origin of 42, 45
mortality and nuclear sites CERRIE discussion of 411
rates differentials in 24
rates relative to doses 14
risks acquired on migration 25
specific causal and promoting agents 35, 36, 38
time lag post exposure 37, 365
trends in England and Wales 278
types ("sites") average rates of 148
Cancer charities 19, 103, 200, 463
Cancer in Maldon, CERRIE treatment of 327

in north Wales 296, 298, 300
in Wales after Chernobyl 274, 275
in Wales and strontium 90 137
Cancer epidemic 24, 31, 32, 137

and weapons fallout, CERRIE discussion of 411
non
existence of 281
Cancer Registries 34

Denmark 308
Ireland 204, 205, 206, 207, 219, 289
Merseyside 265
Northern (Newcastle) 224
Oxford 436
Scotland 225
South West (Winchester) 228
South West Cancer Intelligence Unit 133
UK Association of 207
Wales Cancer Registry data 139, 143, Plate 12
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit (sep. entry)
Cancer research 20, 27
Cancer Research Campaign 331
Canon of Agreement (John Stuart Mill) 359, 386
Canon of Difference (John Stuart Mill) 386
Cap de la Hague 228, 265

leukaemia cluster 252
Capewell Richard 436, 442
Cardiac disease in children 372
Cardiff 228, 238
Carlile Alex 443
Carlingford 208

cancer map Plate 2
Carlsen Otto 312
Carstairs Index 126, 147, 161
Cartwright Raymond 283, 292, 301, 304, 325, 328, 330, 362
Causality, probabilistic basis of 107
Cell communication 67, 68
Cell cycle 56, 57, 58, 64, 66

and cancer induction 59
variation in sensitivity 60
Cell field effects CERRIE discussion of 411
Cell repair 63
Celldose (Radiation Absorbed Tracks) 356
CERRIE (Committee Examining Radiation Risk of Internal Emitters) 281, 282, 307, 351, 367, 397 et seq.

Chatham House Rules 418
estuarine leukaemia 330
dissenting statement 420
final report structure of 420
first report 414, 419
International Workshop 414, 419
members 409
Nordic leukaemia study 315
purpose of 395 and Chapter 16
secretariat 408
tapes and transcripts 327, 413
topics for 410, 411
Cervical cancer and sea coast effect 173
Chagnon Napoleon 258
Charlton Hugo plate 29, 421
Chatham House Rules (and CERRIE) 418
Chemotherapy 27
Chepstow leukaemia in 233, 234
Chernobyl 12, 15, 32, 81, 82, 259, 287, 370

cancer in Wales 272, 274, 275
childhood leukaemia 342, 374
disease "not caused by radioactivity" 371
effects as test of ICRP model 359
effects IAEA view of 375
fallout distribution in Wales 303
infant leukaemia 308, 359, 376, 406
infant leukaemia CERRIE discussion of 411
infant leukaemia as defining question for CERRIE 412
infant leukaemia (COMARE view) 362
liquidators' children minisatellite mutations in 366
promotion of precancerous lesions 278
radiosensitivity in exclusion zone 66
reduction in birth rate 112
thyroid cancer 372
"Chernobyl Infants" (Chernobyl and infant leukaemia, see above)
Chernobyl 20 years On (ECRR) 374
Childhood cancer

brain tumours near nuclear plant 186
brain tumours in north Wales 186
lymphomas in north Wales 186
retinoblastoma in north Wales 186
Childhood cancers in Wales revalidation of 288
Childhood Cancer research group 288, 295
Childhood leukaemia

Chernobyl 342, 374
Disneyland visits 204
Cap de la Hague 345
high tension power lines 245
eastern Ireland 290
Isle of Man 270, 271
Wales 204
20th Century rates 328
20th Century confounding causes 315
Childhood leukaemia clusters
Pembroke Road Northampton 247
Seascale/ Sellafield 247
population mixing 434
Children of Chernobyl (charity) 342
Children with Leukaemia (charity) 301, 331, 426
Chromosome aberrations 67
Chromosome damage indicators of 49
Chromosomes 41, 45, 58
Citizen Scientists 401 et seq.
Clark Michael 350
Clarke Roger 266, 271, 281
Clearance and Exemptions 347
Clemmesen Johannes 285, 311, 312
CND 16
Coggon David 103, 105, 281, 430
Cold War and cancer / leukaemia clusters 441 to 444
Collins Ken 350
Colon cancer 67

and meat eating 165
and sea coast effect 165
COMARE 133, 134, 235, 236, 247, 279, 281, 282, 283, 284 , 285, 293, 298, 302, 341, 344

and Chernobyl infant leukaemia 362
and childhood leukaemia in north Wales 180
minutes leaked 295
relationship with NRPB 394, 395
transgenerational subcommittee 362
Comber Harry 207
Committee Examining Radiation Risk of Internal Emitters, see CERRIE
Committee for Nuclear Responsibility 53
Committee of 100 343
Committee on Radioactive Waste Management 358, 399
Concentric Methodology (epidemiology) 236, 240, 241
Consistency (after Bradford Hill) 111
Contaminated land, deregulation of 348
Cook Carl 431
Cooper Yvette 406, 407
CORE (Cumbrians Opposed to a Radioactive Environment) 81, 224
Cost Benefit and Ethics 100
Cotter Mary 288
Cover-ups

by alleging misclassification of patients (Draper) 297
by altering conference resolution 378
by altering meteorological records 264 to 271
by altering statistical methods 296
by assumptions about cancer time lag 365
by Bayesian Smoothing 325 to 326
by biased citation 460
by biased data selection 319
by biased rapportage 345, 346, 369, 378, 419, 425
by biased selection of scientific opinion (broadcasting) 325
by bogus definition of lymphatic system 285
by bogus epidemiology 105, 226, 305 to 316, 458
by bogus statistics 323, 324
by bowdlerising DPA requested material 332, 333
by buck passing 364
by changing epidemiological methods 237
by Civil Service collusion 352
by classifying anthropogenic uranium as natural 283
by data alteration 35
by data management 34
by deductive reasoning 359, 461
by deleting patient records 295, 297
by deleting skin cancer diagnoses 35
by denial of natural justice (COMARE) 295
by denying existence of fallout 257
by denying the utility of risk models 363 - 364
by discontinuation of trend reporting 35
by displaying data on logarithmic graphs 311
by downgrading deliberative committee 412
by epidemiological obfuscation 115
by epistemological insolubility 375
by excluding data 308, 309
by excluding known environmental factors 323
by excluding sick people from study 321
by filibustering 376, 377
by "friendly" editing 421
by IAEA veto on WHO radiation research 272, 374
by ignoring research published in Russian 372
by ignoring study hypotheses (UKCCS) 328, 239
by imprisonment 372
by inertia of peer review 389
by international aid deals 342
by intimidating scientific journal 362
by inventing population data 143
by legal threats 345, 420, 421, 422
by limiting scope of studies 303
by losing data 292, 321
by lying 329, 335
by making results fit the hypothesis 389
by marshalling facts 370
by medical complicity 261, 266
by minimising statistical significance 123 to 125
by negligence 362
by Nelson's telescope 452
by not publishing conference proceedings 275
by ostracism of Hibakushas 260 to 263
by passing the buck 331
by radial epidemiology 241
by "randomness" of clusters 322
by refusing to obtain data 327, 421
by reinterpreting previously published results 320, 321
by removing children from data Plate 12
by reviewers' bias 343
by revising cancer records 272, 273
by rubber-stamping nonsense (COMARE) 302
by literacy gap between ministers and civil servants 380 to 395
by secretarial control 413
by selective co-option of committee members 133, 134
by sharing addresses 281
by shifting European Directorates 441
by Soviet control over diagnosis 370
by stealing data 311
by stealing records 208
by stupid methodology 236
by stupid opinion of referee 255, 363
by suppression of IAEA conference proceedings 374
by threatening to boycott conferences 426
by unconscious bias 316
by using inappropriate monitoring methods 460
by using inappropriate risk model 247, 460
by using potentially contaminated controls 321
by using wrong populations 302
by vituperation 341
by withholding data 116, 207, 227, 352, 452
by withholding information from Ministers 265
by withholding meeting transcripts 413
exposed by TV 378
exposed on DVD 374
in Wales 287
motives for 39, 251, 448
frustrated by identifying patients 234
motive for (COMARE) 295
Cox Roger 281, 343, 351, 409
CR-39 plastic 90, 91, 93
Credibility 16
Critical Groups 99, 100
Crossan Liz 362
Crouch River (Essex) 236
Croudace Ian 78
Cultural blindness 20
Cumulative dose 32
DAD (Decide Announce Defend) 398
Dafis Cynog 341
Danish Cancer Registry 308, 311
Danish Committee for the Investigation of Scientific Dishonesty 309, 310
Darby Sarah 283, 305, 307, 309, 315, 317, 409
D'arcy Gemma Frontispiece, 7, 418, 463
Darkness in Eldorado" (Patrick Tierney) 258
Data mining 323
Data Protection Act 116, 327, 332, 333, 334
Davies David 228, 265
Day Philip 409, 417, 422, 423
de Messieres Mireille 374
de Nully Brown Peter 306, 310, 311
Dealler Stephen 393
Deary Mark (STAD) 18, Plate 15, 290
Death (Bramhall as) Plate 17
Department of Health 78, 281
Depleted Uranium 61

CERRIE discussion of 411
and lymphatic system doses 285
and medical research council 281
and royal society 281
Depleted Uranium Oversight Board (UK Ministry of Defence) 76, 281, 103, 444, 459
Depleted Uranium weapons 444 to 463
Deprivation 147

and correlation with cancer 126, 127, 199, 200, 201
and lung cancer 161
Dewes Kate 260
Dickens Charles Hard Times 370
Disneyland 204
Disproportionate effects of internal and external radiation 14, 50, 60, 449
DNA 35, 46, 48, 49, 50, 61

chemical affinity of isotopes 63
repair efficiency errors 43
repair mechanism 47, 55
structure of 45
synthesis 58
minisatellite mutation 365
Doll Richard 21, 22, 24, 30, 31, 247, 264, 285, 286, 305, 309, 315, 317
and atomic test veterans 286
and Nordic leukaemia study 286
and weapons test fallout 286
Dorfman Paul 229, 355, 398, 399, 408, 414, 421, 427
Dose averaging 99, 100
Dose equivalent 53
Dose Response relationship 38, 62

biphasic 112, 113
external vs internal 70
Doses (cumulative) 14
Dosimetry SubCommittee of ECRR 358
Double strand break 36, 48, 49, 53, 54, 55, 62
Dover Beach (Arnold)104
Down's Syndrome and Windscale fire 271
Downs Georgina 430
Doyle Avril 18, 205, 289
Draper Gerald 283, 288, 295, 297, 301, 304, 362
Drogheda 18
Duffy Jim 228, 398
Dumfries and Galloway Health Board 225, 226
Dundalk 18
Dungeness 344
Dunster John 73, 75
Dust 244, 248

inhalation 89
Dwyer John 442
ECLIS 374
ECRR (European Committee on Radiation Risk) 53, 256, 353, 354 to 358

at CERRIE International Workshop 419
enhancement factors 66
sub-committees 358
translations of 2003 Recommendations 357
weighting factors 356
Edwards Alan 343
Edwards Rob 463
Egan Mike 358
Einstein Albert 11
Electron tracks 51
Electrostatic effect (Plutonium Particle Pump) 245 - 247
Elliot TS The Waste Land 243
Elliott Alex 302
Elliott Paul 322, 333, 334
Elliott Paul (denies Seascale cluster) 323
Emperor's New Clothes 16, 135
Energy and Environment 363
Energy density 36
Environment Agency 364
Epidemiology 23, 39, 103, 105

base year for comparisons 147
computers and computer methods 134
and dispersion of pollutants 130, 131
evaluating trends 130
hypothesis testing 109
Irish Sea Study area chosen 144
and lifestyle factors 122
Normal Distribution 123
Poisson statistics 123
regression methods 131, 132, 133, 134
social deprivation indices 125 - 129
statistical significance 122 - 125
anecdotal evidence 228, 233
standardisation and Social Class 115
bias 107, 108
Bradford Hill's canons 109
calculating risks 117
confounding 107
control groups 109
data and standardization 115
data sources 116
deprivation 199, 200, 201
small areas 105, 116
Types of study
barefoot 115, 144
case control 114
cohort 114
ecological 140
GP studies 120, 122
Lifespan Study 114
local questionnaire 116 120, 208

data leakage from 120, 121
data ranking in 122

Burnham on Sea questionnaire 212
Carlingford questionnaire 210, 219
Plymouth questionnaire 212
Trawsfynydd questionnaire 212
Equivalent dose 356
Error in risk factors, evidence for 14
Estuaries, rates of leukaemia near 76, 303, 329
Euratom Basic Safety Standards Directive (BSS) 346
Euratom Campaign petition 350
European Child Health Policy Network (PINCHE) 428
European Commission Directorates 441
European Committee on Radiation Risk see ECRR
European Parliament 205

call for ICRP model reassessment 366
Science and Technology Options Unit (STOA) 345
Evans Jill 355
Exemption and Clearance 347
Fairlie Ian 408, 413, 420, 422, 424
Fallon (Nevada) leukaemia cluster 443
Fast charged particles 51, 52, 69
Fernex Michel 374, 378
Fernex Solange 279, 378
Film badges (atomic test veterans) 318
Fixed mutation 35, 41, 42
Florida childhood brain tumours in 186
Fox Ray 434 to 348, 442
Fraser Williams John 293
Free radicals 47, 49
Freedom of Information Act 116, 227
French Mr. Justice 14
Friends of the Earth 15
Fry Frances 284
Galloway, leukaemia in 225
Galton Francis 107
Gardner Martin 103, 209, 281, 282
Garnets Oxana 376
Geiger counter 89
Gene therapy 27
General Medical Council 302
Genetic disorders invalidate radiation risk models 44
Genetic modification 24
Genetic Mutations

acquisition of 67
basis of ICRP model of 365
DNA minisatellite mutation 365
Genetic repair 35
Genetic susceptibility 20
Genome human 27
Genomic Instability 36, 67, 68, 70, 366

CERRIE discussion of 411
as defining question for CERRIE 412
Gentner Norman (UNSCEAR) 375, 378, 419
Gillett David 355
Global capitalism 23
GMC Fitness to Practise Directorate 328
Gofman John 53, 256, 279, 374
Goldsmith Foundation 89, 289
Goldsmith Sir James 17, 211
Goldsmith Teddy 341
Goldsmith Zac 341
Gomel Medical Institute 372
Goncharova Rose 376
Gonzalez Abel 371, 375
Goodhead Dudley 53, 61, 281, 283, 298, 308, 327, 341, 342, 345, 399, 407, 409, 413, 417, 420, 421, 422, 427, 428
Goss S. (cited in Wings of Death) 394
Grant Helen 393
Gray 53, 356
Green Audit 15, 116, 205
Green Committee of 100 343
Green movement (divide and rule) 399
Green Party 15, 22, 205, 341, 343, 344, 350, 355, 374
Greenham Common 77, 435, 442
Greenore cancer map Plate 2
Greenpeace 15, 282, 421
Greenwood David 440
Grehan Mary 271
Griffiths Rod 302
Griffiths Tweli (HTV) 301
Guardian The 427
Gulf War

Gulf Veterans Illness Unit 459
Gulf War Syndrome 445
veterans, cancer in 459, 461
veterans, chromosome aberrations in 455
Hakulinen Timo 307, 314

Haku Haiku 315
Hall Ruth 303
Hamilton Eric 90, 91, 92
Hamlet Roy 281, 284, 295, 344, 408
Hance Nick 341
Harrison John 409, 427
Harrison Rebecca 363
Harrison Roy 244
Harwell 77
Health Protection Agency Radiation Protection Dept. 427 (see also NRPB)
Healthy lifestyle 40
Healy Grattan 205, 289, 344
Heavy metal poisoning, mechanism of 451, 456
Hegelund Per 350
Hendry Jolyon 283
Henshaw Denis 92, 245, 427
Herr Ollan 18, 290, Plate 15, Plate 33
Hibakushas 260 to 264

birth defects in children of 262
High tension power lines, nano particles and child leukaemia 245
High volume air sampling 248
Hill Marion 408, 414, 415, 416
Hine Dr. Dierdre 17, 288
Hinkley Point 118, 133, Plate 11, 228, 229, 233

leukaemia near 228
and sea coast effect 233
Hiroshima 13, 114, 179

fallout from 257
survivors see Hibakushas
Hiroshima studies

leukaemia in controls 256
problems with 255, 345
sex ratio 258 to 264
Holmes Michael (MEP) 233
Horton Richard 390
Hot particles 89, 100

risk enhancement estimates 456
and tracheo
bronchial lymph nodes 283, 284
House of Commons Symposium 18
House of Commons library 208
Howard Vyvyan 302, 355, 426, 428
HTV cancer research in north Wales 296
Hutt Jane 295
I Don't Know Much About Science but … 367, 379 to 395, 400
ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) 53, 280

structural shortcomings of 345
advisory status of 346
ICRP model as defining question for CERRIE 412
Imperial Cancer Research Fund 331
Incinerators 244
Independent 350, 427
Inductive reasoning 359, 461
Infant Leukaemia see Chernobyl, infant leukaemia
Infant mortality 31

as defining question for CERRIE 412
Information Commissioner 335
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) 358
Institute of Cancer Epidemiology Copenhagen 310
International Symposium Westminster 1996 18
International Agency for Research on Cancer 22, 310
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 272, 281, 342, 371

radiation research "agreement" with WHO 272, 374
International Journal of Radiation Biology 343
Intertidal sediment

Plutonium map Plate 7
testing of 92, 94
in Wales 88
Inuit 21
Ionisation density 53, 55, 356

and mutation risk 66
Ionising radiation

as mutagen 36
mechanism of genetic damage 48, 49
mutagenic efficiency relative to other mutagens 48
Iraq and Uranium 452
Iredale Peter 436
Ireland

cancer registry in 204, 205, 206, 207
child leukaemia in 290
radiation protection institute (RPII) 205, 289
Ireland sea to land transfer of radioactivity in 98, 289
sea coast effect in 205, 206, 207
Supreme Court (STAD case) 139
Irish Sea

and Sellafield 73
radioactivity in 191
tidal circulation and radioactivity distribution 81 to 85
Americium 81, 83, 84
Caesium 82, 83
Plutonium 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 249
deficit of Plutonium and Americium 87
Irish Sea study (Green Audit) 19, 137

Welsh Office study shows coastal effect 189
Isle of Man

cancer mortality 265
leukaemia 270
Jakeman Derek 283
Jellyfish babies 260
John Helen 265
Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust 15, 374, 413
Journal of Public Health 302
Karolinska Institute 27
Kavanagh Mary (STAD) 18, plate 15, 290
Kay Kendall Leukaemia Fund 331
Kemp Penny 342
Kennedy John F. 80, 256
Kennett Miriam plate 32
Kent Bruce 16
Kerala Natural Radiation Study 258
Khruschev Nikita 80, 256
Kinlen hypothesis 285
Kinlen Leo 247, 285, 315, 427, 427, 438
Knock Joan 17
Kocjian Bruce 144, 290
Koehnlein Wolfgang 355
Kosovo 246, 445, 452, 454
Kuni Horst 345
Kyshtym 264
Lacey Richard 393
Lambert Barrie 408
Lambert Jean 355
Lannoye Paul 346, 355, 356, 357
Latour Bruno 280, 392
Legal liability for causing harm 364
Leukaemia

as indicator of radiation damage 152, 179
in Hiroshima controls 256
excesses and implied error in risk factors 180
preschool peak 316
time lag between exposure and expression 153
after Chernobyl 180
and weapons fallout 313
clusters in adults 434
clusters and nuclear sites CERRIE discussion of 411
as defining question for CERRIE 412
localised excesses 14, 179, 234, 247, 283 - 286

near estuaries 329
Berkshire and south Oxfordshire 77, 179, 434 to 436
Cap de la Hague 179, 252
Dounreay 179
Fallon (Nevada) 443
Galloway 225
Hinkley Point 228
Irish coast (Irish Dept of Health study) 205, 206
Isle of Man 270, 271
Lancashire 224
Newbury 324, 436
Northampton 323
Seascale 22, 23, 208, 247, 282

denied 14, 22, 323

Wales (Chepstow) 234
Wales (north and Menai) 153, 180, 184
Iraq 456
Balkans peacekeepers 458
Leukaemia Research Fund 301, 328, 331
Leukaemia Triangle 434 to 436
Lichtenstein Dr. Paul 27, 29
Life Span Studies (LSS) 114

shortcomings of 345
Linear Energy Transfer (LET) 53
Linear No Threshold dose response relationship 39
Lisle Kit 281
Livsey Richard Plate 24, 341, 350
Lloyd Frances (estuaries and leukaemia) 329, 330
Local Research Ethics Committees (Oxford and Reading) 436
Localisation of radiation risk 246
Logarithmic displays 311
Low Level Radiation Campaign 17, 18, 374
Lucas Caroline 355, 441, 458
Lung cancer 30

Oldbury 234
and radon 197
and smoking 22
in Somerset 22
sea coast effect 161
Lymphatic system bogus definition of 285
Lymphoma 40

in Balkans peacekeepers 458
in Iraq 456
MacDonald Andrew 207 to 211, 207, 211
Macneice Louis 431, 465
Mad Cow Disease 24, 351
Maldon (Essex) 236

breast cancer in 235
Oyster Fishermen's Association 237
Mangano Joe 355
Manhattan Project 441
Mannion Evelyn 208, 290, 294
Maralinga 317, 318
Marie Curie Cancer Care 27
Marine organisms radioactivity in 82
Marr Andrew 350
Marshall Islanders 260
McGuill James Plate 15
McKenna Patricia 289, 344
McKerron Gordon 358
McLeod Gilford Wendy 224
McVie Gordon 331
Meacher Michael 23, 265, 327, 331, 350, 351, 406, 414, 427
Meat eating and colon cancer 165
Medical Research Council 53, 103, 331

and depleted uranium 281
Menai towns 298, 322

and brain cancer 300
and leukaemia 300
Merkulova Inna 342
Merseyside Cancer Registry 265
Method of Stone 188, 236, 240, 241
Midgley Mary 103, 379
Milburn Alan 331, 369
Mills Canons (after John Stuart Mill) 386

Canon of Agreement 359
Minisatellite electrophoresis 259
Minisatellite mutation CERRIE discussion of 411
Minisatellite mutations in children of Chernobyl liquidators 366
Ministry of Defence 318, 444
Mobile phones 40
Mondon Katherine 408, 414
Morgan Saiorse Plate 34, Plate 29, 224
Mortality studies 227
Mother Country (Marilynne Robinson) 73
Mothersill Carmel 345
Mould Richard 370, 371
Muirhead 341, 351, 363, 409
Multiple radiation tracks

and ICRP model 66
sources of 66
Mutagens as carcinogens 36
Mutation causes of 47
Nagasaki 114

for survivors see Hibakushas
Nakajima Hiroshi 374
Nano particles and high tension power lines 245
National Audit Office 331
National Cancer Institute USA 310
National Cancer Intelligence Centre 333, 334
National Cancer Registration Bureau 276
National Cancer Registry, Cork (Ireland) 116
National Council on Radiation Protection 280
National Health Service Activity Record (NHSAR) 239
Natural and artificial isotopes compared, CERRIE discussion 411
Natural background and secondary photoelectron amplification 49, 51, 68
Natural background radiation hits per cell per annum 54
National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) 12, 60, 281, 282, 344

(see also Health Protection Agency Radiation Protection Dept.)
Neel James 258, 259, 365
Nestorenko Vassily Plate 25, 372, 378
New England Journal of Medicine 28
Newbury leukaemia cluster 324, 436
Nippon TV 246
Non cancer effects CERRIE discussion of 411
Non Violent Direct Action 15, 188, 343, 344

at BNES conference Plate 17
at Dungeness Plate 16
at Trawsfynydd Plate 5
Nordic leukaemia study 305 to 316, 422

CERRIE discussion of, 411
and Wings of Death 308
Normal Distribution 107
Normal mutation rate 42
North Essex Health Authority 236
North Wales, cancer in 298
Northampton (Pembroke Road) 247, 323
Nuclear Electric 15
Nuclear Legacy Advisory Form (NuLeAF) 399
Nuclear sites

cancer mortality studies, CERRIE discussion of 411
leukaemia clusters CERRIE discussion of 411
as defining question for CERRIE 412
and childhood brain tumours 186
Nuclear workers' life expectancy of 224
Null hypothesis (epidemiology) 109
Nurse Paul 331
Nyagu Angelina 363, 378
Nycomed Amersham (Cardiff) 228, 233, 238, 240, 241, 242

and congenital malformation 241
and infant mortality 241
and lung cancer 241
cancer mortality map Plate 14
O'Dowd Fergus 18, 205, 289
O'Flaherty Tom 289
O'Gorman Eddie 331,426
Obituary data 224
Objectivity (Foucault) 104
Obstetric X-rays 255, 313
Occupational exposures 36, 37
Oesophageal cancer and sea coast effect 173
Office for National Statistics (ONS) 31, 33, 116, 143, 227, 327
Office of Populations Censuses and Surveys (OPCS now ONS)14, 33, 140, 141
Oldbury study 228, 234
Olsen Jorgen 306, 308, 310, 311
On the Beach (Busby, not Schute) 338, 339
Operation Overture 435, 442
Oppositional science committees 282, 401, 406
Order of the British Empire 281
Organ weightings 63
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 347
Osborne Douglas 331
Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancers 288
Padmanabhan VT 258, 259, 260, 419
Pagano Joy 350
Parfitt John 324
Parkin Max 374
Parkin Sarah 374
Parrett River (Somerset) Plate 1, Plate 11, 228
Parry Linda 300, 301
Parsons Hugh 364
Particles (transfer across placenta) CERRIE discussion of 411

environmental dispersion 452, 453
Passive airshade sampling 248
Paternal pre-conception irradiation 305
Patient confidentiality 207, 276, 288, 322, 436
Pattison Michael 331
PCAH (Parents Concerned About Hinkley)121
Peer review problems with 255, 343, 353
Pembroke Road cluster (Northampton) 247, 323
Pensions (service widows) 317 to 319
Pereira Fernando 282
Permanent People's Tribunal 371
Peto Richard 24, 30, 464
Petridou Elena 363
Philips Alasdair 426
Philosophy of science 279, 280
Photoelectric effect (on circulation of radioactivity) 245, 452
Physicians of Chernobyl 374
PINCHE (Policy Information on Child Health and the Environment) 108, 428
Pleural cancer and sea coast effect 177
Plutonium 61, 78

environmental dispersion of particles 452
in children's teeth 78, 80
in grassland and soil 79
in Irish sea deficit of 249
in intertidal sediment in 88, Plate 7
particles risks from 256
in lymph nodes 92, 95
in the environment 92
Plutonium Particle Pump see Electrostatic Effect (245 – 247)
PM10 particles 244
Poe Edgar Allan 305
Polden Puckham trust 355
Policy determination methods 398
Policy Interpretation on Child Health and Environment (PINCHE) 108, 428
Politicians' understanding of science 367, 379 to 395
Pollycove Myron 378
Popper Sir Karl 357

Falsification Principle 386
Population mixing 22, 279, 285, 443

and childhood leukaemia 434
Populations distance from sea calculating 142
Pre-industrial societies cancer in 20
Precancerous lesions promoted by radiation 278
Priest Nick 78, 454
Pritchard Bill 305, 364
Prostate cancer 34, 40

and Oldbury 234
and sea coast effect (not observed in Wales)169
Pusztai Arpad 390
Quadratic (dose squared) response at low dose 62, 63
Quincunx (of Galton) 107, 108
Quinn Mike 276, 278, 333, 334
Radial methodology (epidemiology) 240, 241
Radiation and Cancer in Wales (Busby) 15
Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) 255
Radiation resistance proportional to life span 42
Radiation track structure 47
Radiation

and promotion of precancerous lesions 278
as electromagnetic phenomenon 50
radiation risk modelling 53, 59
risk localisation of 246
Radioactive discharges to Irish Sea

dispersion of 74 – 81
as proportion of global releases 74, 80
Radioactive Substances Act 347
Radioactive Times 17, 341, 343, 417
Radioactive waste, recycling of 346 to 350
Radioactivity

and child leukaemia 284
circulation mechanism of 244 to 250
in Carlingford Lough 208
in Galloway 225
in intertidal sediment 228
in Irish Sea 191
deficit of 249
in London water supplies 73
in north Wales 300
in sediment resuspension of 96, 234
in Severn estuary 233
in Wales 190, 191, 192, 195, 196
on Irish coast 289
sea to land transfer and inhalation 88, 89
Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII) 205, 289
Radiophobia 16, 371
Radiosensitivity 55, 58
Radiotherapy 56
Radium as cause of child leukaemia increases since 1900 316
Radon 53, 248
Radon and lung cancer 197
Radon in Wales Plate 8, 197
Rats (Radiation Absorbed Tracks) 356
Reading 78

buried reactor and Shell Oil 434 to 441
Reay and Hope vs. BNFL 14, 16, 103, 179, 305
Reductionism 280
Regression methods (epidemiology) 131, 132, 133
Regression of pre-cancerous conditions 42
Relationship in Time (after Bradford Hill) 112
Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) 52, 53
Relative Risk 114
RERF see Radiation Effects Research Foundation
Resuspension of radioactivity in sediment 96, 234
Retinoblastoma and sea coast effect 186

and Sellafield 186
Revalidation of child cancers in Wales 288
Richards Hugh 238, 398
Robinson Marilynne (Mother Country, re Sellafield) 73
Robinson Roger 310
Roche Monica 436
Roche Pete 409, 421, 422
Rowe Helen 208, 229, 234, 290
Royal College of Physicians 302
Royal Commission on Pesticides 430
Royal Society depleted uranium committee 281
Russell Bertrand 343
SACRIS 116, 118
SAHSU (Small Area Health Statistics Unit),130, 135,147, 192, 235, 236, 238, 240, 241, 279, 282, 298, 322, 332, 333, 334
Sasco Dr. Annie 22, 23
Savchenko 372
Schmitz Feuerhake Inge 355, 356, 419
Schott Albrecht 455
Schweitzer Albert 21
Science advice fallibility of 344
Science and Technology Options Unit (STOA) European Parliament 345
Science vs. Emotion 15,16
Scientific advice models 367, 379 to 395, and Chapter 16
Scientific culture 11, 432 to 434
Scientific Method CERRIE discussion of 411, 386, 461
Scientific Nationalism 353, 369
Scientific qualifications of politicians 367, 379 to 395
Scientists, public opinion of 397
Scintillation counter 89
Scott Cato Molly 16, 289, 351, 355, 367
Scottish Cancer Registry 225
Scottish Universities Research Reactor Centre 77
Sea Coast Effect

CERRIE discussion of 411, 19, 138, 140, 149, 222
as defining question for CERRIE 412
and west coast of England and Scotland 224
in Ireland 205 to 207
and adult leukaemia 203
and brain cancer 177
and breast cancer 157
and cancer of pleura 177
and cervical cancer 173
and colon cancer 165
and Hinkley Point 233
and leukaemia in children north Wales 184
and lung cancer 161
and mortality studies 227
and oesophageal cancer 173
and prostate cancer and (not observed in Wales) 169
and retinoblastoma 186
and stomach cancer 173
and thyroid cancer 173
and WCISU 294
in Wales Cancer Registry data 202, 203
in Welsh Office study 189
Sea of Troubles (BBC) 180, 184, 293
Sea to land transfer 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 191, 196, 244, 303
Seascale and retinoblastoma 186
Seascale (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster, see "Leukaemia childhood"
Second Event theory 15, 59, 342, 343, 345

CERRIE discussion of 411
and alpha emitting particles 61
and sequential emitters 60
and Tritium 61
size of target 61
Secondary Photoelectron Amplification (Uranium and other heavy metals) 451, 456
Sellafield

leukaemia cluster in Seascale, see "Leukaemia childhood"
Disneyland 204
and Irish public opinion 205
and Irish Sea 287
distribution of radioactivity from 80, 95
plutonium from, in teeth 78
workers' cancer registrations shifted across country 224
Severn Estuary 228

tritium levels 233
cancer mortality Plate 13
Sex ratio effects (ignored by RERF) 258, 263, 365
Seymour Colin 345
Shakespeare 251
Shchazny Vladimir 342
Sheehan Patricia 270, 271
Shell Oil Co. (buried reactor Reading) 434 to 441
Shell Oil Co. on Wirral 442
Short Constance (STAD) 18, 290
Sievert 53, 356
Silk Mary 260, 261
Simmonds Jane 284
Simmons Jack 409, 421
Small Area Health Statistics Unit see SAHSU
Small area risks as epidemiological priority 20

small area cancer incidence data 17, 23
small area data 39
small area data Ireland 207
small area studies Ireland 219
Smith Jennifer 228
Smith Robert (Environment Agency) 344, 364
Smoking 30, 40, 211, 218
Smoking, passive, and lung cancer 39
Snell Penny 331
Soames Lord 393
Somerset Cancer mortality in Plate 1, Plate 11
Somerset Health Authority 121, 122, 228
South Place Ethical Society 343
Southampton Oceanographic Centre 78
Southwood Richard 344
Specificity and Reversibility (after Bradford Hill) 112
STAD, see Stop THORP Alliance Dundalk
Stagg Emmet 205, 290
Stakeholder dialogues 398
Stallard Jill Plate 24, 350
Standardised Mortality Ratio 118
Standardised Registration Ratio 33
Statistical Significance (after Bradford Hill) 109
Sternglass Ernest 11, 256, 342, 355
Steward John (WCISU) 188, 189, 291, 293, 297, 301, 303, 329, Plate 12
Stewart Alice 255, 256, 264, 286, 288, 345, 356
Stewart William 427
Stillbirths and Tritium 238
STOA Science and Technology Options Unit (European Parliament) 345
Stocking Alasdair 144, 290
Stomach cancer 30, 31
Stomach cancer and sea coast effect 173
Stone, Method of 188, 236, 240, 241
Stop Hinkley 228
Stop THORP Alliance Dundalk (STAD) 18, 78, 139, Plate 15, 208, 211, 212, 222, 271, 290

questionnaire results Plate 2
Strathern Marilyn 432
Street of Doom (leukaemia cluster denied) 323
Strength of Association (after Bradford Hill) 111
Strontium 90 14, 32, 34, 60, 61
Srontium Phosphate co-precipitation 63
Strontium Wombles 341
Sumner David 345
Symons Baroness Plate 24
Symposium at House of Commons (1996) 289, 341
Synergy 39
Tamplin Arthur 256, 456
Tape recording of CERRIE 327
Taylor David 233
TBLN doses, problems with 284
Tcherkoff Wladimir 374
Television's role in discovering health effects 322
Texas Sharpshooter 125, 322 to 325
Thakrar Bharat 306, 307
Thames river and Aldermaston pipeline 435
Thomas Mark 349
Thyroid cancer after Chernobyl 372

and sea coast effect 173
Tierney Patrick 258
Time lag in cancer induction 365
Tobacco radioactivity in 30
Todd Alice 357
Tolstoy Leo 255
Tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes 283, 285
Tracheobronchial lymph nodes particles in 455
Transmutation 66

CERRIE discussion of 411
and Carbon14 66
and Sulphur35 66
and Tritium 66
Trawsfynydd 15, 117, 122, 142, 190, 287, 344
Trawsfynydd and Wylfa study (Welsh Office) 188
Trawsfynydd lake 89
Tritium 52

and enzyme disruption 67
and Nycomed Amersham 238
and stillbirths 238
in environment 238
Twins study 27, 28
Type I Error (epidemiology)109
Type II Error 110
UK Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS) 328, 329, 330, 331
UKAEA 347
UNCLE (Unlimited Nuclear Consultation Leading to Exhaustion) 398
United Nations 375
United Nations Environment Programme 445, 446, 452
UNSCEAR 280, 371
Uranium 61

and isotopic ratio 437, 440
DNA binding 69, 451 (note)
ECRR weighting factors 358
environmental dispersion of particles 452
Uranium miners 197
particles from Gulf War Plate 34
Secondary Photoelectron Amplification by 451, 456
Uranium weapons 245, 246, 444 to 463
and cancer in Iraq 461
official responses 461
US Congress 24
Vale of the White Horse 348
Valentin Jack 346
Vegetables 40
Verne Julia 133, 134
Veterans (atomic tests) 317, 318
Viel Jean Francois 345, 252
Wakeford Richard 22, 289, 298, 308, 409, 420, 427, 428
Wales

cancer trends compared with England 31, 33, 34
as a cancer laboratory 287
bone cancer in 288
cancer increases in 17, 32
Wales Cancer Registry 14, 15, 17, 31, 341, 226, 288

data 18, 19, 233, 239, 240, 291, 295, 298
and sea coast effect 202, 203
possible confounding causes 190
leukaemia data 180, 184, 287 to 299
Wales Cancer Registry data officially lost 292
Walker Hilary 329, 344, 351
Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit (WCISU)188, 204, 226, 292

and Wales Cancer Registry leukaemia data 184
data 297, 300
ignorance of Welsh Areas of Residence 291
Weapons test fallout 32, 34, 80, 190

and rainfall 138
and dairy foods 127
and cancer 148
and leukaemia 313
and breast cancer cohort effect 157
and cancer epidemic CERRIE discussion of 411
as defining question for CERRIE 412
Weighting factors

ICRP 53
ECRR 356
Welsh Anti Nuclear Alliance 238, 398
Welsh Assembly 293
Welsh Association of County Councils 17
Welsh Health Survey 40
Welsh Office 18
West Mersea (Essex) 233, 235
WHO Chernobyl Conference Kiev 360 to 363, 371
Wiggin Gerry 393
Wigley Dafydd 294
Williams Dai 446, 453
Wilson Chris 351
Windscale fire 138, 217, 218, 264 to 271

and Down's Syndrome 271
and Vitamin B12 deficiency 271
Wings of Death 12, 15, 22, 42, 65, 114, 137, 243, 255, 303, 341
Wombles Song 274, 275
World Health Organisation 272
Wright Eric 362, 409, 421
Wylfa and Trawsfynydd study (Welsh Office) 188
Wyn Eurig 238, 241
X-rays obstetric 255
Yablokov Alexey 355, 356, 374, 375, 378, 419, Plate 25
Yarmonenko S 376, 378
Yaroshinskaya Alla 370
Yorkshire Television 29, 282
Ziggel Heiko 345
Zupka (United Nations) 375
The references cited as Busby 2005(a) and (b) are to be found at the top of page 473.

Wolves of Water is published by Green Audit, Aberystwyth, UK ISBN 1 897761 26 0
Price £12 / Euro20
Order direct from the publishers: Email christo@greenaudit.org.
Review copies may be requested from Dr. Busby at Green Audit.

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